Before we get down and dirty (so to speak), here’s a belated thank you to the Hansville Community Center for donating this year’s proceeds from the annual Chili Cookoff in September to the Buck Lake Native Plant Garden. With these funds we created a curtain drain along the north end of the Garden and extending out into the park field. It is alleviating a lot of the pooling of winter rain in the field and shows that our community works best when it works together.
What is soil, and what should you know about it?
Soil is a mixture of minerals, gases, air, living and dead organisms, and water that together support life. It is constantly developing and changing via physical, chemical, and biological processes. The five major factors controlling how a soil forms and evolves are CLimate, Organisms, Relief (=landscape), Parent material, and Time— referred to as CLORPT. There’s a word for you!
Another great word: all the living organisms in soil (bacteria, fungi, microorganisms, worms, insects, etc.) are the edaphon. A handful of soil can contain billions of organisms, belonging to thousands of species, mostly microbial and largely still unexplored. The living component of the soil resides largely in its uppermost layers.
Soils offer plants physical support, air, water, temperature moderation, nutrients, and protection from toxins. Soils provide nutrients to plants and animals by converting dead organic matter into various nutrient forms. And soil cleans water as it percolates through it.
Soil absorbs rainwater and releases it later, thus helping prevent floods and drought, flood regulation being one of the major ecosystem services provided by soil. Current vicious cycles of drought, fire, and flooding are the result of a mix of climate change, human actions (e.g. paving, industrial farming), and the desertification of its soil.
How can you have healthier soil in the garden?
Much to say here, such as rotating crops and preventing erosion, but here are two major factors in healthy soil.
Composting breaks down organic matter to enrich your garden soil. We’ve posted Joe Seals’s wonderful basic guide to composting at the bottom of the "Resources" page: print it out and keep for reference. One of its many wise points we didn’t know: the correct ratio of green stuff (fresh grass clippings, veg scraps, etc—the nitrogen) to brown stuff (dead leaves, coffee grounds, sawdust, aged manure—the carbon) in your compost should be 1 to 15 or even 1 to 30. Another thing: spread finished compost as a mulch on top, not mixed in with the soil; the nutrients will make their way down.
Soil pH is a measure of the soil’s acidity or alkalinity. A pH of 7 is neutral. The lower the pH, the more acid the soil. Acid-loving plants such as azalea, rhododendron, and blueberry thrive on acidic soil with a pH of 5 or 6.
How do you adjust the pH of soils in your garden? First, you must know its current pH. Then adjust it: dolomitic limestone neutralizes acidity and also adds magnesium to the soil, good for gardens in the Pacific Northwest where this nutrient is naturally low. Sulfur lowers pH—that is, acidifies the soil. pH-measuring and -adjusting products are available in local nurseries and online. Continue to monitor pH levels, since rainfall and other factors can alter the pH over time.